PMB-NZ – rcbeacon.com

Installing and Setup
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After a fresh re-flash.
Linaro. Username “linaro”, PW “linaro”.
SSH in and you get these two messages:
chmod: changing permissions of `/dev/disp’: Operation not permitted
chmod: changing permissions of `/dev/cedar_dev’: Operation not permitted
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$ locale -a ; produces error messages ?
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
Solution:
$ sudo locale-gen en_NZ.UTF-8 ; generate missing locale files
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To change locale: ; takes effect after next login
$ locale -a ; will display available locales (can generate more if needed)
$ sudo nano /etc/default/locale
LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
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This build based on Ubuntu Quantal Quetzal (12.10)
Support for Ubuntu 12.10 Quantal Quetzal officially ended on May 16, 2014.
note: Trusty Tahr = 14.04
$ sudo apt-get update ; some errors : Some index files failed to download
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Err http://ports.ubuntu.com quantal/main Sources 404 Not Found
Err http://ports.ubuntu.com quantal/universe Sources 404 Not Found
Err http://ports.ubuntu.com quantal/main armhf Packages 404 Not Found
Err http://ports.ubuntu.com quantal/universe armhf Packages 404 Not Found
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W: Failed to fetch http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/quantal/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/quantal/universe/source/Sources 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/quantal/main/binary-armhf/Packages 404 Not Found
W: Failed to fetch http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/quantal/universe/binary-armhf/Packages 404 Not Found
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I did this: (follow the sequence)
$ sudo apt-get install mc ; failed, errors, not found….. 🙁
$ sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list ; add precise (2 lines)
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade
$ sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list ; # out quantal (2 lines)
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade
$ sudo apt-get install mc ; worked OK this time 🙂
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Update users and passwords
Change the root password:
$ sudo passwd root ; enter and confirm a new password
Change the default linaro user password:
$ sudo passwd linaro ; enter and confirm a new password
Create new user:
$ sudo adduser paul ; enter details when prompted, will ask for password
$ sudo passwd paul ; to change PW if not already set up.
$ sudo apt-get install mc ; install mc (midnight commander)
$ sudo apt-get install htop ; install htop
make user home dir and chown
$ sudo usermod -a -G admin paul ; example to add user to existing group
$ id linaro ; reports user info
$ groups linaro ; reports groups containing user linaro
Add user to the sudoers file.
$ sudo adduser sudo
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Change SSH setup
$ sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config ; change permitrootlogin to no, change port number
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Set hostname in etc/hostname (mail2) and in etc/hosts (mail2.rcbeacon.com mail2)
. FQDN = mail2.rcbeacon.com
$ hostname ; display hostname
$ hostname -f ; display FQDN
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Fixed IP
$ sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.20
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.10
Nameserver
$ sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.1.10
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SATA – to activate at boot ; should already be active
$ sudo echo “sw_ahci_platform” >> /etc/modules
SATA drive appears at /dev/sda, sda1 etc.
$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda1 ; this will format the drive
Mount before use:
$ sudo mkdir /media/sdd1
$ sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/sdd1 ; to manually mount
Add to fstab
$ sudo blkid /dev/sda1 ; to determin UUID
$ sudo nano /etc/fstab
UUID=43ce92c0-cf57-4252-b4de-63826a9fbd74 /media/sdd1 ext4 noatime,errors=remount-ro 0 2
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About time for a reboot
$ sudo reboot
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How to duplicate the NAND image to the SATA drive:
$ dd if=/dev/nandb of=/dev/sda1 bs=1M
$ sync
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LAMP install
$ sudo apt-get install apache2
Suggested packages: apache2-doc apache2-suexec apache2-suexec-custom ufw
Recommended packages: ssl-cert
$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client libapache2-mod-auth-mysql php5-mysql
Suggested packages: libterm-readkey-perl tinyca mailx php5-suhosin php-pear
Recommended packages: libhtml-template-perl
; Gets stuck here: Setting up mysql-server-5.5 (5.5.27-0ubuntu2) …
login with another window and : $ sudo stop mysql ; stops the restart loop and allows install to complete
Can’t find a solution to this; file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock is missing
NOTE:
Prior to above mentioned quantal-to-precise sources change:
Useful install ends here…
After the above mentioned quantal-to-precise sources change:
Install completes but reports:
Errors were encountered while processing:
mysql-server-5.5
mysql-server
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1).
Still missing = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
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$ sudo service mysql start
$ dmesg
$ service mysql status
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So, where to now ????
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$ sudo mysql_install_db
error: ???
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock’ (2)
try this:
$ cd /etc/init.d/
$ mysqld_safe

$ sudo /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
$ sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-mcrypt
$ sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/dir.conf
Add index.php to the beginning of index files.
$ apt-cache search php5- ; list modules that can be installed
$ sudo apt-get install name of the module
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sudo service apache2 restart
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$ sudo nano /var/www/test_file.php

To test it browse to: 192.168.1.??/test_file.php
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Ref. for LAMP install:
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-linux-apache-mysql-php-lamp-stack-on-ubuntu
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Note:
$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client php5-mysql ; will prompt for root PW
Or root PW can be set later on like this
$ mysql -u root
mysql> USE mysql;
mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=<your password> WHERE user=”root”;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
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$ sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin
Test by browsing to: 192.168.1.??/phpmyadmin
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Fully qualified domain name error notes:
$ sudo nano /etc/hosts
1.1 mail.pmb.co.nz mail
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Ref:
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-linux-apache-mysql-php-lamp-stack-on-ubuntu
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NOTES: and old-info.
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View log file:
$ tail -f /var/log/syslog
Find a file:
$ sudo find / -type s | grep mysqld.sock
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or
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = “en_US.utf8”,
LANG = “en_NZ.UTF-8″
are supported and installed on your system.
$ sudo locale-gen fr_FR.UTF-8 ; generate locale
$ locale -a ; show available locales
$ locale ; get current locale info
$ export LANG=en_NZ.utf8
$ export LANG=”en_NZ.utf8”
$ sudo nano /etc/default/locale ; add the line “LANG=”en_NZ.UTF-8″”
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/bin/bash: warning: setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (en_US.utf8)
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: warning: setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (en_US.utf8)
/bin/bash: warning: setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (en_US.utf8)
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update: to solve this problem ?? : NOTE: there are many versions of how to solve this problem.
$ sudo locale-gen en_NZ.UTF-8 ; generate missing locale files
$ sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8 ; generate missing locale files
$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales ; .
and/or add to the file /etc/environment
LC_ALL=C
and/or add to the file /etc/default/locale ; not sure which will work:
LC_ALL=en_NZ.UTF-8
LANG=en_NZ.UTF-8
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$ sudo apt-get update ; This returned problems:
E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock – open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), is another process using it?
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Ubuntu 12.10

Canonical has apparently included Amazon and Ubuntu One into the Dash search. When you search locally using the Ubuntu desktop, Ubuntu sends the string to a Canonical server and probably Amazon.

I hear you can turn this off in your privacy settings. Probably a good idea.

You may be able to get rid of this, try:

sudo dpkg –purge unity-lens-shopping

I’ll have to try the 12.10 Kubuntu

..

reserved 2

Remember: this is just an apparently random series of notes that I’ll tidy up later.
Reference only : Installed ubuntu server and specify a mail server
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NOTE: I had this all formatted with code blocks etc. BUT the damned editor keeps deleting all the formatting
(see here)
so I’ve given up. I could drown the dick-head responsible for this “feature”.
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$ sudo nano /etc/default/fetchmail
. change START_DAEMON to yes to allow fetchmail to run LAMP and a few Misc Packages Linux Apache, MySQL, PHP.
I probably installed things in the wrong order and it took a bit of sorting out.
At various stages I got error messages that seemed to relate to dovecot.
$ sudo apt-get install mc
$ sudo apt-get install Apache2
$ sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5
$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
To test php
$ sudo nano /var/www/testphp.php
. <!–?php include(“config.php”);
. mysql_connect(“$dbhost”, “$dbuname”, “$dbpass”);
. mysql_select_db(“$dbname”);
. echo mysql_error();
. phpinfo();
. ?–> http://192.168.1.56/testphp.php
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$ sudo apt-get install mailutils
$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server
$ sudo nano /etc/mysql/my.cnf
. bind-address = 127.0.0.1 #
. change line to your IP address
$ sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-auth-mysql php5-mysql phpmyadmin
$ sudo nano /etc/php5/apache2filter/php.ini extension=mysql.so # uncomment this line
$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
Hostname What is the current hostname: hostname -f Change the hostname:
$ sudo nano /etc/hostname pmb.co.nz
$ sudo nano /etc/hosts
. change hostname from original to new
. change reverse DNS = determining a domain name from a given IP address
…… install dnsutils = various client programs related to DNS:
Then you can check the reverse DNS:
$ dig -x “ip-address”
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Install fetchmail
Fetchmail is a remote mail retrieval and forwarding utility. It gets the mail in from one or a number of sources and puts it in a folder where it can be picked up by the next step in the process.
$ sudo apt-get install fetchmail
Edit the config file fetchmailrc in directory /etc
$ sudo nano /etc/fetchmailrc
$ sudo nano /etc/default/fetchmail
. change START_DAEMON to yes ; to allow fetchmail to run
$ sudo /etc/init.d/fetchmail start ; Starting fetchmail – gave an error: pi@pmb ~ $
$ sudo /etc/init.d/fetchmail restart [….] Restarting mail retriever agent: fetchmailfetchmail: cannot open /var/log/fetchmail.log: Permission denied fetchmail: fetchmail: Cannot detach into background. Aborting.
After trying various locations, I put the log file in -var-log-. Created a new user (paul) in the process. The error was fixed changing the log file ownership to fetchmail-root
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Postfix
A mail transport agent. A popular alternative to sendmail.
$ sudo apt-get install postfix ; when prompted, select “internet with smarthost” and enter your mail name (pmb.co.nz): Redirect mail from root user to your user name then reload:
$ sudo nano /etc/aliases root: paul sudo newaliases
Edit the main postfix config file and change 3 lines at the end of the file and restart postfix:
$ sudo nano /etc/postfix/main.cf
. myorigin = $pmb.co.nz
. mydestination = $pmb.co.nz, localhost.$pmb.co.nz, localhost
. mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8
$ sudo /etc/init.d/postfix restart
To test it, send email using php interactive shell (address, subject, body):
. php -a mail (‘paul@pmb.co.nz’, “PMB- A simple test email”, “testing… testing…”);
. extit ();
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Dovecot
Dovecot is a Mail Delivery Agent (MDA), set up as a IMAP or POP3 server. Mail is stored in /home/paul/Maildir/
Edit these files to configure dovecot:
$ sudo apt-get install dovecot-imapd dovecot-pop3d
$ sudo nano /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
$ sudo nano /etc/dovecot/10-auth.conf
$ sudo nano /etc/dovecot/10-mail.conf
$ sudo nano /etc/dovecot/10-pop3.conf
. Create the Maildir for future users:
$ sudo maildirmake.dovecot /etc/skel/Maildir
$ sudo maildirmake.dovecot /etc/skel/Maildir/.Drafts
$ sudo maildirmake.dovecot /etc/skel/Maildir/.Sent
$ sudo maildirmake.dovecot /etc/skel/Maildir/.Trash
$ sudo maildirmake.dovecot /etc/skel/Maildir/.Templates
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For existing users:
$ sudo cp -r /etc/skel/Maildir /home/paul/
$ sudo chown -R paul:paul /home/paul/Maildir
$ sudo chmod -R 700 /home/paul/Maildir
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To start/stop/restart dovecot
$ sudo /etc/init.d/dovecot start
To see if dovecot is running: ps -A | grep dovecot
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Mount the USB drive:
The usb drive must be ext4 formatted so you can chown and chmod it.
$ umount /dev/sda1
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
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Auto-mount USB drive at boot by adding to /etc/rc.local mount /dev/sda1 /home/paul/usb1_data
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From /home/paul/ create a symlink to make the Maildir on the usb flash drive appear to be in /home/paul
$ sudo ln -s /home/paul/usb1_data/Maildir Maildir
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A useful command to determine the total size of a directory and everything in and below it:
$ du -sh /directory/
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NOTES:
$ dpkg -S which sendmail
$ sudo netstat -pel | grep smtp
$ dpkg -S “$(sudo ps ux | grep 3281 | awk ‘{print $NF}’)” ; note 3281 came from the previous command result
$ tail -f /var/log/mail.log ; view mail logs
$ sudo fuser -uv 25/tcp ; show all processes listening on port 25
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References: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Dovecot
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ERROR LOGS – REPAIRS NEEDED
linaro@mail2:~$ tail -f /var/log/mail.log
Jul 8 14:20:06 mail2 postfix/local[1065]: 69A3BFEA8: to=, orig_to=, relay=local, delay=38220, delays=38216/2.8/0/0.38, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (temporary failure)
Jul 8 14:20:07 mail2 dovecot: lda(root): Error: user root: Initialization failed: Initializing mail storage from mail_location setting failed: mkdir(/root/Maildir) failed: Permission denied (euid=65534(nobody) egid=65534(nogroup) missing +w perm: /root, dir owned by 0:0 mode=0755)
Jul 8 14:20:07 mail2 dovecot: lda(root): Error: user root: Initialization failed: Initializing mail storage from mail_location setting failed: mkdir(/root/Maildir) failed: Permission denied (euid=65534(nobody) egid=65534(nogroup) missing +w perm: /root, dir owned by 0:0 mode=0755)
Jul 8 14:20:07 mail2 dovecot: lda(root): Fatal: Invalid user settings. Refer to server log for more information.
Jul 8 14:20:07 mail2 postfix/local[1013]: 6B33BFE86: to=, orig_to=, relay=local, delay=91701, delays=91697/3.2/0/0.3, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (temporary failure)
Jul 8 14:20:07 mail2 dovecot: lda(root): Fatal: Invalid user settings. Refer to server log for more information.
Jul 8 14:20:07 mail2 postfix/local[923]: 89CDBFE91: to=, orig_to=, relay=local, delay=91520, delays=91517/3.2/0/0.3, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (temporary failure)
Jul 8 14:20:07 mail2 dovecot: lda(root): Error: user root: Initialization failed: Initializing mail storage from mail_location setting failed: mkdir(/root/Maildir) failed: Permission denied (euid=65534(nobody) egid=65534(nogroup) missing +w perm: /root, dir owned by 0:0 mode=0755)
Jul 8 14:20:07 mail2 dovecot: lda(root): Fatal: Invalid user settings. Refer to server log for more information.
Jul 8 14:20:07 mail2 postfix/local[975]: 817AFFE89: to=, orig_to=, relay=local, delay=91606, delays=91602/3.5/0/0.14, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (temporary failure)
q^C